The basic principle of laser cutting is to generate a high-energy laser beam (such as CO ₂ laser, fiber laser, or YAG laser) through a laser generator. After the laser beam is focused by an optical system, it forms an extremely small spot (diameter can be less than 0.1mm) with a power density of up to 10 ⁶~10 ¹ ² W/cm ². After absorbing laser energy on the surface of the material, the instantaneous temperature rises to the melting point, boiling point, or ignition point, forming a molten or vaporized state. At the same time, auxiliary gases (such as oxygen, nitrogen, or compressed air) are emitted coaxially with the laser through a nozzle to blow away slag and participate in combustion reactions (such as oxygen assisted carbon steel), thereby improving cutting speed and quality. By controlling the movement of the laser head or workpiece through the numerical control system, precise cutting is completed according to the preset path.